The Dorset Landscape Field Analysis

Overview of the Dorset Landscape The uniqueness of the Dorset landscape lies in its landscape variety, quality, and character. This diversity is caused by such physical and natural factors as geology, climate, and soils.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Dorset Landscape: Field Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The physical framework has been shaped in the course of long history of human activities that has created the landscape we see today (The Dorset Landscape n. d). The diversity ranges from the geological importance and large-scale of an 87 mile coastline to the diversity of biological species inhabiting the area (Roberts 1995). In general, the geological and archaeological environment consists of chalk ridge, chalk valley, clay valley, heath mosaic, harbor and lagoon, limestone hills and plateau, lowland heathland, rolling vales and wooded pasture, valley pasture, undulating river valley, and, fi nally, wooded chalk down land (Howard 2011). Each of the above-presented characteristics will be considered below to describe such sites as the Crandborne Chase, the Dorset Cursus, Hambledon Hill, the Roman Road, Pond barrow, and Down Farm. Description of Sites The Neolithic Dorset Cursus The Neolithic Dorset cursus is a monument spreading across six miles of Chranbone Chase down land in eastern part of Dorset. It is considered one of the largest sites that stretches through chalk lands and it is composed originally of two parallel lines with 90 meters between those that run northwest-southwest (The Megalithic Portal n. d.). The modern appearance of cursus is viewed as a pair of soil marks; however, some of genuine earthworks remain with adjacent barrows.Advertising Looking for report on archeology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In 1973, it was suggested that the Dorset Cursus had been created as an astronomical observatory to define the alignments between specific mounds and the Cursus. The archaeologist also discovered that five of the presented lines bore astronomical importance and that the northern boundary of the Cursus had been built between the crossed alignments (Castleden 1992). The alignment extends from the Bottlebush terminal and spreads up to the long barrow, forming a distinguished skyline feature on Gussage Cow Down (Barrett 1991). This position was chosen to achieve the visual effect. At this point, the scholars put forward the hypothesis that the choice created the possibility to observe the midwinter sun setting behind the hills. The Cranborne Chase The Cranborne Chase is part of the English Chalk Formation that is located near Salisbury Plain. The sharp slope of the plateau borders on the Blackmore Vale to the west and Vale of Wardour to the north (Nunn n. d.). To the south, the chalk plateau is characterized by rounded downs with dry valleys and steeply cut combs (Nunn n. d.). Bowd en (1991, p. 103) writes, â€Å"the inhabitants of the Chase were not only forbidden to harm the deer directly but were also prevented from undertaking any activity which might damage the ‘vert’, the vegetation on and in which the deer lived†. The terminal alignments are difficult to identity accurately.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Dorset Landscape: Field Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The external boundaries involves an area that stretches from Shaftesbury to Ringwood and from Salisbury to Blandford Forum. The inner boundaries spread from Compton Abbas to the west to Woodyates to the east, which is adjacent with Ox Drove (Bowden 1991). Excavations in Cranborne Chase were conducted by Pitt Rives, whose military background greatly influenced his ability regularly record the information about surveys and results of fieldwork (Lucas 2001). In general, the area is covered with Iron Age hill forts, boundary dykes, burial mounds, and field systems, indicating the historic evidence. The Hambledon Hill The Hambledon hilltop is surrounded by the Iron Age earthwork, and it possesses complex and extensive Neolithic features. Therefore, the site is considered to be one of the major archaeological spots for the researchers. The grassland is of the main interest to the archaeologists; however, there are territories of mixed scrub and yew wood (Natural Land n. d.). The land stretches fifteen kilometers to the south of Gilligham and seven kilometers to the south of Blandford Forum, which is between Iwerne Courtney and Child Okeford. Hambledon Hill is a chalk hill with three spurs and giant furrows. Edmonds (1999, p. 1) focuses on the â€Å"barrows, stone circles and great chalk banks; ruins already scarred by collectors and by scientific interest†. The view from the dome is one â€Å"to sooth the soul and replenish the energy stores, which is just as well as the walk to the summit is one to tire the legs† (Richards 1999, p. 38). On this territory, the historical evidence points to the military actions during the Civil War in 1645 (Richards 1999, p. 38).Advertising Looking for report on archeology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Roman Road in Britain The Roman Roads in Britain stretch over 13.000 kilometers and were built at the end of the 1st century AD, during the post-settlement period. These military roads were constructed for the army to move materials and men through the lands (Williams 2004). In Dorset land, the road spreads from Hamworthy to Lake, but the original route begins from Julians Bridge and the Lake Gates. The current look of the road involves the pasture with wildlife. Despite the changes, the road maintains its original straightness and continues as a bridleway over a mile, edging with high hedges (Guttridge 2010). Additionally, the Roman road in Dorset is considered to be the finest routes, as well as the most popular part to examine the land between Wyke Down and Oakley Down (Johnston 2002). Pond Barrow The main feature of a pond barrow consists in its bold structure and functions. Their natural landscapes are difficult to define because they are of unimpressive size (Dyer 2001; Lo ngworth 1984). Specifically, pond barrows are composed of a mound encircled by a depression and a rim. The archaeologist managed to discover grave goods and burials beneath the hills and, therefore, it has been suggested that they were not designed for this purpose (Butler n. d.; Grtinsell 1959). Dyer (1990, p. 96) also suggests that the pond barrows were also designed for burying cremations, â€Å"but they have not been much studied and may be adjunct to the funerary ritual rather than actual burial places†. Therefore, the function of these domes is not accurately defined. Conclusion In conclusion, the Dorset Landscape is considered to be one of the most popular historic and archaeological sites that present a bulk of resources, materials, and natural attributes contributing to the historic analysis of the territory (Lane 2010). Its major site include the Dorset Cursus, The Pond Barrow, the Hamdledon Hill, the Cranborne Chase, and the Roman Road in Dorset country. All these historic places are of great aesthetical and natural significance for the United Kingdom and for the region due to the uniqueness of geological, natural and physical characteristics of the landscape. Therefore, this territory is heavily examined by the leading archaeologists to define what historical events influence the modern appearance of the landscape. Reference List Barrett, J. C. 1991, Landscape, Monuments, and Society: The Prehistory of Cranborne Chase. Cambridge University Press, UK. Bowden, M. 1991, Pitt Rivers: The Life and Archaeological Work of Lieutenant-General Augustus Henry Lane Fox Pitt Rivers, Dcl, Frs, Fsa. Cambridge University Press, UK. Butler, A., How to Read Prehistoric Monuments: A Unique Guide to Our Ancient Heritage. Duncan Biard Publishers, UK. Castleden, R. 1992, Neolithic Britain: New Stone Age Sites of England, Scotland, and Wales. Routledge, London. Dyer, J. 2001, Discovering Prehistoric England, Osprey Publishing, UK. Edmonds, M. R. 1999, Ancestral Ge ographies of the Neolithic: Landscape, Monuments, and Memory, Routledge, London. Grtinsell, L. V. 1959, Dorset Barrows, Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, UK. Guttridge, R. 2010, Following in Roman Footsteps, The Dorset Magazine.  Web. Howard, P. J. 2011, Introduction to Landscape, Ashgate Publishing, US. Johnston, D. E. 2002, Discovering Roman Britain, Osprey Publishing, UK. Lane, R. 2010, The Gardens of Dorset. Frances Lincoln, US. Longworth, I. H. 1984, Collared Urns of the Bronze Age in Great Britain and Ireland, CUP Archive, UK. Lucas, G. 2001, Critical Approaches to Fieldwork: Contemporary and Historical Archaeological Practice, Routledge, London. Natural England. Hamdledon Hill NNR. Web. Nunn, L. Cranborne Chase and West Wiltshire Downs.  Web. Richards, A. 2012, Bradt Slow Dorset: Local, Characterful Guides to Britain’s Special Places. Bradt Travel Guides, UK. Roberts, K. 1995, Walking in Dorset, Cicerone Press Limited, UK The Dorset Landscape. Web. The Megalithic Portal.  Dorset Cursus. Web. Williams, B. 2004, Romans in Britain, Jarrold Publishing, UK. This report on The Dorset Landscape: Field Analysis was written and submitted by user Frankl1nR1chards to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Commentary On What They Were Like

A commentary of the poem â€Å"What Were They Like?† The poem, â€Å"What Were They Like?† by Denise Levertov was written to shed light on the forgotten culture of the Vietnamese, a culture that had been developing for centuries. The people of the Vietnam had their lives destroyed through a tragic 15-year civil war that started in 1954. The war dividing North and South Vietnam was over political conflict and clash of cultures. This poems format is six questions followed by six answers. Speaker One asks the questions, while Speaker Two answers them. The relationship between Speaker One and Speaker Two is at first difficult to understand. They create a conflict by discussing a subject Speaker One, the journalist, is oblivious to, and Speaker Two is testy about answering. The journalist seems to be very innocent, like a child, who is ignorant of what happened during the tragedy of war. Speaker Two, however, takes on a persona of an elder, someone who was somehow emotionally attached to the Vietnamese. He saw it happen. He was there. The journalist seems to be the same age or maybe younger than Speaker Two. However, Speaker Two, seems reverent by the casual asking of the questions. He answers the questions with a seemingly hostile tone, as he remembers the horror and terror of the war, â€Å"Sir, Their light hearts turned to stone.† (__) The tone of the poem is emotional. It brings back a feeling that Speaker Two would like to forget about. He will never be able to forget what he saw. He has to tell the journalist about all the death and poverty during and after the war, that way it will never happen again. Levertov creates many feelings in her poem. She gives the sense of being inquisitive, solemn, formal, and reflective. She is investigating the culture between the past and present, â€Å"Had they an epic poem?† (__) She is solemn in the remembrance of the answers. She is formal by the use of â€Å"Sir† in answers on... Free Essays on Commentary On What They Were Like Free Essays on Commentary On What They Were Like A commentary of the poem â€Å"What Were They Like?† The poem, â€Å"What Were They Like?† by Denise Levertov was written to shed light on the forgotten culture of the Vietnamese, a culture that had been developing for centuries. The people of the Vietnam had their lives destroyed through a tragic 15-year civil war that started in 1954. The war dividing North and South Vietnam was over political conflict and clash of cultures. This poems format is six questions followed by six answers. Speaker One asks the questions, while Speaker Two answers them. The relationship between Speaker One and Speaker Two is at first difficult to understand. They create a conflict by discussing a subject Speaker One, the journalist, is oblivious to, and Speaker Two is testy about answering. The journalist seems to be very innocent, like a child, who is ignorant of what happened during the tragedy of war. Speaker Two, however, takes on a persona of an elder, someone who was somehow emotionally attached to the Vietnamese. He saw it happen. He was there. The journalist seems to be the same age or maybe younger than Speaker Two. However, Speaker Two, seems reverent by the casual asking of the questions. He answers the questions with a seemingly hostile tone, as he remembers the horror and terror of the war, â€Å"Sir, Their light hearts turned to stone.† (__) The tone of the poem is emotional. It brings back a feeling that Speaker Two would like to forget about. He will never be able to forget what he saw. He has to tell the journalist about all the death and poverty during and after the war, that way it will never happen again. Levertov creates many feelings in her poem. She gives the sense of being inquisitive, solemn, formal, and reflective. She is investigating the culture between the past and present, â€Å"Had they an epic poem?† (__) She is solemn in the remembrance of the answers. She is formal by the use of â€Å"Sir† in answers on...

Biography of Writer and Philosopher John Ruskin

Biography of Writer and Philosopher John Ruskin The prolific writings of John Ruskin (born February 8, 1819) changed what people thought about industrialization and ultimately influenced the Arts and Crafts Movement in Britain and the American Craftsman style in the US. Rebelling against Classical styles, Ruskin reawakened interest in heavy, elaborate Gothic architecture during the Victorian era. By criticizing the social ills resulting from the Industrial Revolution and disdaining anything machine-made, Ruskins writings paved the way for a return to craftsmanship and all things natural. In the US, Ruskins writings influenced architecture from coast to coast. Biography John Ruskin was born into a prosperous family in London, England, spending part of his childhood in the natural beauty of the Lake District region in northwest Britain. The contrast of urban and rural lifestyles and values informed his beliefs about Art, especially in painting and craftsmanship. Ruskin favored the natural, the hand-crafted, and the traditional. Like many British gentlemen, he was educated at Oxford, earning a MA degree in 1843 from Christ Church College. Ruskin traveled to France and Italy, where he sketched the romantic beauty of medieval architecture and sculpture. His essays published in Architectural Magazine in the 1930s (today published as The Poetry of Architecture, examine the composition of both cottage and villa architecture in England, France, Italy, and Switzerland.   In 1849, Ruskin traveled to Venice, Italy and studied Venetian Gothic architecture and its influence by the Byzantine. The rise and fall of Christianitys spiritual forces as reflected through Venices changing architectural styles impressed the enthusiastic and passionate writer. In 1851 Ruskins observations were published in the three-volume series, The Stones of Venice, but it was his 1849 book The Seven Lamps of Architecture that Ruskin awakened an interest in medieval Gothic architecture throughout England and America. Victorian Gothic Revival styles flourished between 1840 and 1880. By 1869, Ruskin was teaching Fine Arts at Oxford. One of his chief interests was the construction of the Oxford University Museum of Natural History (view image). Ruskin worked with the support of his old friend, Sir Henry Acland, then Regius Professor of Medicine, to bring his vision of Gothic beauty to this building. The museum remains one of the finest examples of Victorian Gothic Revival (or Neo-Gothic) style in Britain. Themes in the writings of John Ruskin were highly influential to works of other Brits, namely designer William Morris and architect Philip Webb, both considered pioneers of the Arts and Crafts Movement in Britain. To Morris and Webb, the return to Medieval Gothic architecture also meant a return to the guild model of craftsmanship, a tenet of the Arts and Crafts movement, which inspired the Craftsman cottage style home in America. Its said that the last decade of Ruskins life was difficult at best. Perhaps it was dementia or some other mental breakdown that disabled his thoughts, but he eventually retreated to his beloved Lake District, where he died January 20, 1900. Ruskins Influence on Art and Architecture Hes been called a weirdo and manic-depressive by British architect Hilary French, and a strange and unbalanced genius by Professor Talbot Hamlin. Yet his influence on art and architecture stays with us even today.  His workbook The Elements of Drawing remains a popular course of study. As one of the most important art critics of the Victorian era, Ruskin gained respectability by the Pre-Raphaelites, who rejected the classical approach to art and believed that paintings must be done from direct observation of nature. Through his writings, Ruskin promoted the Romantic painter J. M. W. Turner, rescuing Turner from obscurity. John Ruskin was a writer, critic, scientist, poet, artist, environmentalist, and philosopher. He rebelled against formal, classical art and architecture. Instead, he ushered in modernity by being a champion of the asymmetrical, rough architecture of medieval Europe. His passionate writings not only heralded Gothic Revival styles in Britain and America but also paved the way for the Arts Crafts Movement in Britain and the United States. Social critics like William Morris studied the writings of Ruskin and started a movement to oppose industrialization and reject the use of machine-made materials- in essence, rejecting the spoils of the Industrial Revolution.  American furniture-maker Gustav Stickley (1858-1942) brought the Movement to America in his own monthly magazine, The Craftsman, and in building his Craftsman Farms in New Jersey. Stickley turned the Arts and Crafts Movement into the Craftsman style.  American architect Frank Lloyd Wright turned it into his own Prairie Style . Two California brothers, Charles Sumner Greene and Henry Mather Greene, turned it into the California Bungalow with Japanese overtones. The influence behind all of these American styles can be traced back to the writings of John Ruskin. In the Words of John Ruskin We have thus, altogether, three great branches of architectural virtue, and we require of any building,- That it act well, and do the things it was intended to do in the best way.That it speak well, and say the things it was intended to say in the best words.That it look well, and please us by its presence, whatever it has to do or say. (The Virtues of Architecture, Stones of Venice, Volume I) Architecture is to be regarded by us with the most serious thought. We may live without her, and worship without her, but we cannot remember without her. (The Lamp of Memory, The Seven Lamps of Architecture) Learn More John Ruskins books are in the public domain and, so, are often available for free online. Ruskins works have been studied so often throughout the years that many of his writings are still available in print. The Seven Lamps of Architecture, 1849The Stones of Venice, 1851The Elements of Drawing, In Three Letters to Beginners, 1857Praeterita: Outlines of Scenes and Thoughts, Perhaps Worthy of Memory in My Past Life, 1885The Poetry of Architecture, essays from Architectural Magazine, 1837-1838John Ruskin: The Later Years by Tim Hilton, Yale University Press, 2000 Sources Architecture: A Crash Course by Hilary French, Watson-Guptill, 1998, p. 63.Architecture through the Ages by Talbot Hamlin, Putnam, Revised 1953, p. 586.

Accidental Overexposure of Radiotherapy in Costa Rica-Total Body Research Paper

Accidental Overexposure of Radiotherapy in Costa Rica-Total Body Response to Radiation - Research Paper Example In a 1991 report, the capital city, San Jose had about 1.11 million inhabitants. The Costa Rican social security system, which is mandated to provide medical cover, reported 90% coverage for the population. The life expectancy was reported to be at 75.2 years between the years 1990 and 1995. Integral in the treatment of cancer in Costa Rica are three hospitals which also act as referral centres for the different segments of the country. These include the San Juan de Dios Hospital, the Rafael Angel Calderon Guardia Hospital and the Mexico Hospital. Of significance and relevant to the case study is the San Juan de Dios Hospital which has radiotherapy facilities (International Atomic Energy Agency, 1998). During the month of July 1997, the international atomic energy association received an invitation from the government of Costa Rica to aid in assessment of overexposure of radiotherapy. This overexposure had occurred to patients in San Jose Hospital in Costa Rica. The initiating occurrence specifically happened at San Juan de Dios hospital in San Jose on the 22nd of August, 1996. This was after a radioactive carbon source, 60 CO was replaced. When the new source was standardized, an inaccuracy was made in the computation of dose rate. Consequently, this error led to administration of considerable higher radiation doses compare to the prescribed intake in terms of exposure (International Atomic Energy Agency, 1998).... e was no satisfactory explanation as to these large disparities in dose values, an expert was engaged to evaluate the possibilities of such differences. The expert was to assess the physical aspects of quality assurance in radiotherapy. Furthermore, the expert was also to verify degree of application recommended by the technical report series and those of compliance reports. The review was conducted between the 8th and 19th of July, 1996. Her report indicated that there were no records kept on the calibration of beams emitted by radiation machines. Additionally, the assessment showed that there was no information available on the specific equipment used to offer radiotherapy services. With working environment prevailing in tandem with dose determination procedures properly followed, the outcome obtained or the calculation of absorbed dose rate in a computer program was not easily verifiable. The computer program which was developed by the person in charge of dosimeter had errors of c lose to 5% in percentage dose values. Moreover, there was an error of approximately 2 centimeters in the optical distance indicator (Perez & Brady, 1998). Discrepancies of up to 8% within the calculated time found, for the same irradiation conditions, when a calculation method on the basis of percentage depth dose (PDD) and the tissue air ratio (TAR) was used. Initial examination indicated that similar absorbed dose rate value had been employed in both procedures. Consequently, revelation on confusion between the concepts of dose in air and dose in water at the depth of optimal maximization was eminent. Having underpinned and satisfactorily addressed these issues, the expert brought these findings to radiation oncologists at the hospital. These included thermo luminescence dosimeters dose

Reserach Report and Problem Analysis Report Essay

Reserach Report and Problem Analysis Report - Essay Example The audit led to a loss of a lot of money for Mrs. Roadway because she did not have any paperwork like a VAT invoice from the supplier to substantiate that she had paid VAT. The legal representatives for the Jeffersons Company maintain that she does not have the right to ask for a VAT invoice but they were willing to give her their VAT number. The reason given to Mrs. Roadway by the legal representatives for not providing a VAT invoice (i.e. no other customer has ever requested for a VAT invoice) is not sufficient enough to deny her the invoice. For Mrs. Roadway’s business proposal to be financially viable, she has to be able to reclaim this VAT from HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) because the repayment will reduce her borrowings to a manageable level. However, without a valid VAT invoice from Jeffersons, reclaiming the VAT might become problematic. As a corollary this research report will cover the issues of whether a supplier is required to issue an invoice, when it should be issued and what it must contain. CONCLUSION: Value Added Tax (VAT) can be defined as a category of consumer tax charged for any manufactured consumer product. A VAT invoice is usually dispensed to purchasers who give substantial statistics and details to prove that they have an intention to claim back the VAT paid to the government. In order to acquire a VAT invoice there are a set of some very precise pre-details which must appear on the VAT invoice such as the name, address and VAT number of the company or enterprise that provided the merchandises. For continuous and excellent book-keeping, accurate VAT calculations and invoices are required (Ebrill, et al 2001)1 Mrs. Roadway has already made strides to hire a Private Wealth team which has handled her application to HMRC so that she can charge VAT on the leases and reclaim the VAT that she will pay to Jeffersons. As a result, she has the right to request a VAT invoice from Jeffersons solicitors so that she can have the right paper work to help her with the process of reclaiming the VAT. Mrs. Roadway had to needed a VAT invoice from Jeffersons’ solicitors because she had previously gone through problematic experience which was brought about by lack of a VAT invoice. The fact that Jeffersons’ solicitors has never issued a VAT invoice to any of their consumers, will help Mrs. Roadway and build up her case against Jeffersons’ solicitors. The pre-requisites put in place to guide the process of dispatching an invoice for purchases as denoted in Article 33 of the VAT Directive2 might make the process of acquiring a VAT invoice frustrating but it is considered important for regulation purposes. In Mrs. Roadways case, the guidelines denoted in the VAT Directive will help Mrs. Roadway show that she deserves to be issued with a VAT invoice from Jeffersons’ solicitors because as per the VAT Directive a potential beneficiary of VAT refund should be issued with a VAT invoice. REPORT: Primary Sou rce: Staatssecretaris van Financien v Stadeco BV, 2009: A primary ruling in relation to the explanation of art21 (1) (c) of the 6th Council Directive was offered. The ruling was that a VAT invoice should be issued to a potential beneficiary of VAT refund. This was in line with Article 33 of the VAT Directive. HMRC concisely states that a registered VAT member has an obligation to provide any VAT-registered clients with a VAT invoice

The Burning of the Parliament Building Essay Example for Free

The Burning of the Parliament Building Essay The Parliament Building that was burnt in Montreal was tragic that happened recently. .It is considered a crucial moment due to which the co-prime ministers of the united Province of Canada, Sir Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine and Robert Baldwin were especially disappointed .The St. Annes Market building lodging the Legislative Council and Assembly of Canada was burned down by Loyalist rioters in retaliation for the Rebellion Losses Bill while the members of the Legislative Assembly were sitting in session. The episode is characterized by divisions in pre-Confederation Canadian society concerning whether Canada was the North American appendage of the British Empire or a nascent,sovereign nation. In 1837 and 1838 Canadians rebelled against the oligarchic rule of the British colonial administration, first in Lower Canada, then in Upper Canada (or the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario Respectively. Rumours is being spread stating that the parliament will be shifted to upper canada . Let us see what happens. Our country is a complete mess at this moment let us see what solution is going to come up to overcome this problem .It is considered to be a mob violence. Mr. Johnson took the Chair of the Committee; and after some time when the meeting went on Committee were interrupted by stones and other missiles thrown from the streets, through the windows, into the Legislative Assembly Hall, which caused the Committee to rise, and the Members to withdraw into the adjoining passages for safety, — from whence Mr. Speaker and the other Members were almost immediately compelled to retire and leave the Building, which had been set fire to on the outside. Luckily they some how managed to escape this tragic event. When Lord Elgin – he no longer deserves the name of Excellency – made his appearance on the street to retire from the Council Chamber, he was received by the crowd with hisses, hootings, and groans. His horse carriage was filled out of the yolk of eggs and rotten tomato. He will regret for his decision.

Black Elks The Earth is All that Lasts Essay -- Native Americans

Black Elk's The Earth is All that Lasts The U.S. Military played a dramatic role in shaping the west as we know it today. The U.S. Military has mistreated the Native Americans in numerous ways in the past. Also, they have virtually eliminated nearly all the Native American Tribes in the United States. Before the arrival of the U.S. Military, Native Americans lived almost peaceful lives. In the article "The Earth is all that Lasts," Black Elk talks about what happened during General Custard's Last Stand and what it was like to be a Native American during that period of time. In the past, many things have influenced me of how the Native Americans had to survive. For instance, some types of material that helped me realize just what the Native Americans had to endure in order to survive were history classes, books, the Internet, movies, television shows, and this article. In Black Elk’s article, the account of Custer’s Last Stand only reinsured my views. Black Elk explains some of the suffering and how the Native Americans had to search for a new location constantly. Black Elk also shows that the military drove the Native Americans out of their homelands, and how badly the Native Americans were treated. The U.S. Military has used many different strategies to eliminate the Native Americans. There were things such as, peace treaties, and battles. Mainly, they did this for power, land, and "yellow metal" or gold. Someone had to suffer if the U.S. Military and United States Citizens were going to take over the west and it happened to be the Native American Tribes, the rightful land and territory owners. Native Americans tried to come up with peace treaties, but the U.S. Military hardly ever abides by them.... ...eople in return. In conclusion, I am embarrassed that we, Americans, could have performed such a horrible act toward the Native Americans, who are human beings like the rest of us. I also really enjoyed reading Black Elk’s essay because the person telling the story was a Native American. It was really interesting to hear the views of what happened from a real Native American, and not from someone who went to the library and found a book on Native Americans and started to write not knowing whether or not the information was true or a lie. Overall, I feel that this article really taught me about what the Native Americans had to do to fight for the rights and their lives. Works Cited Elk, Black. "The Earth is all that lasts." American Voices: Culture and Community. Ed. Dolores LaGuardia and Hans P. Guth. Mountain View: Mayfield, 1998. 144-156.